A major focus in the global strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders since 1990 is to introduce universal salt iodization usi in deficient areas. This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and associated factors in gondar town, northwest ethiopia. A crosssectional study was carried out on 549 households. This survey will provide national and regional data for monitoring and evaluating the progress of the universal salt iodization usi program in ethiopia. Action nutrition international ethiopia salt iodization all. Nov 22, 2011 salt iodization council of ministers regulation no. In ethiopia, just as many countries of developing world, one of the most effective, feasible, safe, and economical public health intervention strategies for elimination of idds is salt iodization, which was recommended by the whounited nations childrens fundiccidd. Nov 28, 2017 in developing countries most of the edible salts have insufficient iodine content. The ethiopian government passed legislation on universal salt iodization in 2011 to make iodized salt gradually available to families through the open market. Jun 25, 2018 thus, the purpose of the current study was to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women in rural ada district, oromia region, ethiopia, two years after the introduction of mandatory salt iodization.
The proportion of households with adequately iodized salt in. However, the adequacy of iodine in salts needs close monitoring to meet its intended goal and this study was aimed at investigating the adequacy of iodine in dietary salt at. It has since supported government in the fortification of wheat flour and oil through developing national food standards. In ethiopia, the salt iodization program was launched early in 2012. Studies have found that only a small percentage of households have access to adequately iodized salt in ethiopia. Evaluation of the effects of iodized salt on the mental. Iodine content of dietary salt at household level and. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in dessie and combolcha towns, south wollo, ethiopia tefera chane mekonnen1, sisay eshete1, yitbarek wasihun2, mastewal arefaynie3 and nigus cherie3 abstract background. Making universal salt iodization count in the broader nutrition agenda 40 bangladesh. Knowledge and perception of consumption of iodized salt among. National salt iodization coverage toward prevention of iodine deficiency disorder in ethiopia. Jul 31, 2017 universal salt iodization is the most costeffective, safe and sustainable strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders. Dunn professor of medicine university of virginia health sciences center charlottesville, virginia, u.
Iodine deficiency disorder is the leading cause of mental retardation and poor economic performance in developing countries. Salt iodization became mandatory in ethiopia in 2011 and despite significant progress, the current level of eradicating idd could be improved. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in. Pdf briefing note on salt iodization quality and coverage in. After almost achieving universal salt iodization in the early 1990s, after eretria seceded from ethiopia, iodized salt consumption in ethiopia dropped to as low as 5% and much of the countrys salt was being imported.
Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the availability of adequately iodized salt at the household level and associated factors in dabat district. Initiatives u chapter 3 u food fortification initiative. Data were collected by a facetoface interview and household salt was tested to check whether its practice was good. Salt iodization council of ministers regulation no. Efforts should focus on fostering advocacy and communication and ensuring the availability of adequately iodized salt. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level.
However, little is known about the availability of adequately iodized salt in the northwestern part of ethiopia. Availability of adequately iodized in northwest ethiopia. The result of this study is higher than the findings observed in different parts of ethiopia. Several factors affect iodine content of edible salt including poor handling practices. According to the regression model, houses with young adjusted odds ratio of posterior mean or 1. Knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders and intake of. Results showed that 7315 % of household salt samples were iodized to some extent although iodization level varied. Salt iodization in ethiopia nutrition international. The existing evidence isnt sufficient to detail the specific factors at the household level. Venkatesh mannar executive director the micronutrient initiative ottawa, canada and john t. Prevalence of goiter among children in ethiopia and. We focus our salt iodization work in senegal, as a regional hub for west africa, nigeria, ethiopia and kenya, which is a hub for east africa. Universal salt iodization usi is the main strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency. Salt iodization legislation fmhaca 2011 iodized salt standard fmhaca 2012 iodized salt manufacturer, importer, exporter and wholesaler directive fmhaca 201112 fortified flour manufacturer, importer, exporter and wholesaler directive fmhaca draft fortified oil manufacturer, importer, exporter and wholesaler directive fmhaca draft.
Progress and challenges in eliminating iodine deficiency. However, salt iodization is not simply a matter of passing legislation or persuading certain salt producers to iodize their salt. Collaboration and oversight to drive results 38 south asia region. Salt iodization, or the fortification of salt with iodine by salt manufacturers, is a major approach in the prevention of iodine deficiency.
Pdf this short briefing note is intended to highlight the low coverage of iodized salt and its consequence in the nation. Action nutrition international ethiopia salt iodization all population groups. For example, a study conducted in 2017 reported that although over 89. Salt iodization is considered the most successful type of food fortification. Idd and usi program in ethiopia started in 1989, but slowed down drastically in 2000s due to the ethioeretria war when importing iodized salt from the red sea ceased. Ethiopia 2017 variable frequency percentage ever heard about iodized salt respondents who was heard about iodized salt 196 81. The status of iodine nutrition and iodine deficiency. Despite numerous educational programmers to create awareness about iodized salt and iodine deficiency disorders idd, a survey conducted in the in mekelle in 2012 revealed that the goiter rate stood at 18. Household coverage with adequately iodized salt varies greatly. Utilization of adequately iodized salt on prevention of iodine. We focus our salt iodization work in senegal, as a regional hub for west africa, nigeria, ethiopia and. Ethiopia has well defined policies, strategies and implementation guidelines in those sectors with the potential to affect better nutrition. The rise, fall and rebirth of iodine deficiency control.
Over the past two decades, national salt iodization programs have been introduced and scaled up in many countries. Improving salt iodization quality and coverage in ethiopia. Prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors among. National salt iodization coverage towards prevention of iodine. Universal salt iodization is the most costeffective, safe and sustainable strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders. Factors associated with the availability of iodized salt at.
National salt iodization coverage towards prevention of. Briefing note on salt iodization quality and coverage in ethiopia. Pdf on sep 1, 2015, gerensea hadgu and others published knowledge, attitude and practice kap towards iodized salt utilization in haweltikebelle, axum, tigray, ethiopia, 2015 find, read and. This regulation is issued by the council of ministers pursuant to article 5 of the definition of powers and duties of the executive organs of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia proclamation no. Iodine deficiency has serious effects on body growth and mental development. These will be the basis for nutrition linkages among. Inauguration of new salt iodizing machines in afdera. This provided an opportunity to use a randomized design to answer questions. Iodine deficiency has long been recognised as a major public health problem in ethiopia, with estimates of three quarters of the population suffering from varying degrees of deficiency. Knowledge and practice of antenatal care attendant mothers. The basic concept of usi implies that all edible salt household, processed food and animal salt should be iodized. Worldwide, universal salt iodization has been implemented to eliminate iodine deficiency.
Data were collected in early 20 and approximately a year later, the ethiopian public health institute reported 95. Iodine deficiency disorder is the leading cause of mental retardation and poor economic performance in developing. Ethiopias long road to usi photo by rod waddington cc by sa 2. The rise, fall and rebirth of iodine deficiency control 34 middle east and north africa region. Progress towards the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders via salt iodization programmes has been used for over 60 years. Serebe abay, mamuye hadis, desalegn ararso, yosef gyohannes, fasil mengistu technology transfer and research translation directorate director ethiopian public health institute, addis ababa, ethiopia purpose. Iodine is volatile in all forms, with potassium iodide ki the most volatile, and potassium iodate kio 3. Evaluation of quantity and access of iodized salt using. Intervention delivery and monitoring the intervention group received iodized salt produced.
The study documented that 18 years after the national study, and after more than a decade of universal salt iodization in saudi arabia, the problem of iodinedeficiency disorders is still endemic in the aseer region. Ethiopia were unprotected from iodine deficiency as only. Prospective and controlled intervention studies to evaluate biomarkers of thyroid function and cognitive outcomes will help to monitor and improve eradication efforts. In 20, nutrition international supported the iodization of close to 250,000 metric tonnes of salt in africa, helping to protect more than 2 million newborns from iodine deficiency. Oct 16, 2018 the objective of this study was to assess knowledge and practice of iodized salt utilization among reproductive women in addis ababa city. Food and nutrition bulletin knowledge and perception the. Pdf knowledge, attitude and practice kap towards iodized. As far back as 1988, ethiopia was one of the first countries in subsaharan africa that was close to achieving usi, having achieved almost 80% iodized salt. National salt iodization coverage towards prevention of iodine deficiency disorder in ethiopia by.
Salt iodization for the elimination of iodine deficiency by m. Knowledge and practice of iodized salt utilization among. A sample district was designated by using the simple random sampling techniques. Abebe ferede department of public health, college of health sciences, arsi university, ethiopia aim.
Fortification of salt with iodine has been the long term and effective. Iodine deficiency disorder is a significant public health problem in ethiopia. Progress and challenges in eliminating iodine deficiency in. Prea pregnancy iodized salt improved childrens cognitive. Hawassa town 0%, shebe town, south west ethiopia 19%, northern ethiopia 25%, gondar 29%, jigjiga town, eastern ethiopia 26. Factors affecting the presence of adequately iodized salt at. Salt iodization legislation fmhaca 2011 iodized salt standard fmhaca 2012 iodized salt manufacturer, importer, exporter and wholesaler directive. Challenges and progress of usi in ethiopia in ethiopia salt iodization was started in 1980s ethiopia was one of the first countries in subsaharan africa close to achieving usi due to the ethioeritrean war iodization was not maintained to meet the needs of the population iodated salt was imported for a short time. Council of ministers regulation to provide for salt iodization. Action nutrition international ethiopia salt iodization.
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